Unos 300,000 escolares peruanos desertan en medio de la pandemia
Aunque todavía no hay una cifra definitiva, porque el año escolar termina en diciembre, el Ministerio de Educación estimó que unos 300,000 alumnos, que equivalen al 15% de la matrícula nacional, ya dejaron la escuela este año.
Unos 300,000 escolares desertaron este año del sistema educativo en Perú ante la necesidad de trabajar o y las dificultades para acceder a las clases virtuales en medio de la pandemia de coronavirus.
Aunque todavía no hay una cifra definitiva, porque el año escolar termina en diciembre, el Ministerio de Educación estimó que unos 300,000 alumnos, que equivalen al 15% de la matrícula nacional, ya dejaron la escuela este año.
“La educación no ha tenido prioridad en la pandemia. La alta deserción es muestra de un sistema educativo deficiente”, dijo el analista Luis Benavente, director de la consultora Vox Pópuli.
“No se ha hecho ningún esfuerzo por mejorar la educación y salud durante este gobierno y los gobiernos anteriores”, agregó.
Perú es uno de los países más golpeados por la pandemia con 772,000 contagios y 31,000 muertos, por lo que el gobierno ha enfocado sus esfuerzos en contener el virus y reactivar la economía, en recesión como secuela de la crisis sanitaria.
Una de las primeras medidas para frenar los contagios fue suspender las clases presenciales, el 12 de marzo, una semana después de detectarse el primer caso de coronavirus en el país.
Con el país en cuarentena, en abril empezó gradualmente la enseñanza a distancia en colegios públicos, privados y universidades. Hay más de dos millones de escolares y 800,000 universitarios, según cifras oficiales.
Ese mismo mes se lanzó el programa “Aprendo en casa” para impartir clases a través de la televisión, radio e internet.
Además, el Ministerio de Educación repartió 719,000 tabletas con acceso a internet a alumnos rurales y 124,000 a estudiantes urbanos para las clases virtuales.
“Al campo o las minas”
Sin embargo, los intentos por apuntalar la educación se toparon con una cruda realidad: la alta informalidad laboral (70%) indujo a miles de peruanos adultos y niños a desafiar el confinamiento para ganarse la vida.
Además, la pobreza en que vive una quinta parte de la población privó a millares de alumnos del acceso a computadores e internet para la enseñanza virtual. Miles de hogares peruanos ni siquiera tienen agua potable.
La propia geografía peruana conspira contra la posibilidad de que miles de menores de provincia reciban enseñanza a distancia.
En la Amazonía peruana, “el porcentaje de estudiantes que no llegan a ser contactos puede llegar hasta el 30%”, dijo Cecilia Ramírez, directora de Educación Básica del Ministerio.
En la zona del lago Titicaca (Puno), fronteriza con Bolivia, “más de 20,000 escolares han dejado de participar en las clases virtuales”, indicó el director regional de Educación, Mario Benavente.
“El factor que ha llevado al alto índice de abandono educativo es el económico”, explicó el funcionario a la radio RPP. “Muchos, por falta de trabajo de sus padres, tienen que trasladarse al campo; muchos se van a trabajar a las minas”, agregó.
“Las minas son más rentables que llevar clases a distancia porque tienen padres que no tienen educación”, indicó el analista Luis Benavente.
“Es parte de los males que deja al país (la pandemia)”, añadió.
En Puno, a casi 4,000 metros sobre el nivel del mar, la pastora Raymunda Charca sube cada día a un cerro con sus cuatro hijos -de entre 10 y 16 años- para que capten señal en sus celulares y reciban clases virtuales.
Nivelación
Incluso en la próspera región norteña de Piura, famosa por sus playas, más de 58,000 estudiantes “no estarían recibiendo clases virtuales para la continuidad del año escolar 2020”, según a la oficina regional de la Defensoría del Pueblo (ombudsman).
El sindicato de maestros Sutep, de tendencia izquierdista, aseguró que este año “más de un millón de estudiantes abandonarían estudios porque no pueden acceder a educación remota”, pero el ministro de Educación, Martín Benavides, aseguró que solo son “unos 300,000 los escolares fuera de la educación”.
“Hay una pérdida de interés para seguir las clases virtuales, para conectarse con sus maestros siguiendo de la ansiedad y comprendiendo que ellos desde el mes de marzo están encerrados en sus hogares cumpliendo el aislamiento”, expresó el ministro, citado por la agencia Andina.
Un tercio de los 33 millones de peruanos siguen en cuarentena, aunque ésta se levantó en Lima y la mayor parte de las regiones el 30 de junio.
El gobierno ha descartado reanudar este año las clases presenciales, pero el ministro anunció que en las vacaciones del verano austral habrá un programa de nivelación para los alumnos que se retrasaron o dejaron la escuela.
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